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Reaction mechanism of arsenic capture by a calcium-based sorbent during the combustion of arsenic-contaminatedbiomass: A pilot-scale experience

Mei Lei, Ziping Dong, Ying Jiang, Philip Longhurst, Xiaoming Wan, Guangdong Zhou

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1110-y

摘要：

Pilot-scale combustion is required to treat arsenic-enriched biomass in China.

CaO addition to arsenic-enriched biomass reduces arsenic emission.

CaO captures arsenic via chemical adsorption to form Ca3(AsO4)2.

关键词： Arsenic contamination     Phytoremediation     Emission control     Calcium-based sorbent     Biomass disposal     Pilot-scale combustion    

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Compositional and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired

Yishu XU, Xiaowei LIU, Jiuxin QI, Tianpeng ZHANG, Minghou XU, Fangfang FEI, Dingqing LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 449-459 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0734-3

摘要： Recognizing the nature and formation progress of the ash deposits is essential to resolve the deposition problem hindering the wide application of large-scale biomass-fired boilers. Therefore, the ash deposits in the superheaters of a 220 t/h biomass-fired CFB boiler were studied, including the platen (PS), the high-temperature (HTS), the upper and the lower low-temperature superheaters (LTS). The results showed that the deposits in the PSs and HTSs were thin (several millimeters) and compact, consisting of a yellow outer layer and snow-white inner layer near the tube surface. The deposits in the upper LTS appeared to be toughly sintered ceramic, while those in the lower LTS were composed of dispersive coarse ash particles with an unsintered surface. Detailed characterization of the cross-section and the initial layers in the deposits revealed that the dominating compositions in both the PSs and the HTSs were Cl and K (approximately 70%) in the form of KCl. Interestingly, the cross-section of the deposition in the upper LTS exhibited a unique lamellar structure with a major composition of Ca and S. The contents of Ca and Si increased from approximately 10% to approximately 60% in the deposits from the high temperature surfaces to the low temperature ones. It was concluded that the vaporized mineral matter such as KCl played the most important role in the deposition progress in the PS and the HTS. In addition, although the condensation of KCl in the LTSs also happened, the deposition of ash particles played a more important role.

关键词： ash deposition     biomass combustion     circulating fluidized bed     initial layer     structure analysis    

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中国生物质固体成型燃料技术和产业

赵立欣,孟海波,姚宗路,田宜水

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第2期   页码 78-82

摘要：

生物质固体成型燃料技术具有易运输和储存、燃烧效率高等特点，是生物质开发利用主要方向之一。国外生物质能固体成型燃料技术及设备已经趋于成熟，形成了整个产业链的成熟技术体系和产业模式。我国已形成了良好的政策法规环境，生物质固体成型燃料产业化关键技术已趋于成熟。但还存在一定的问题，需要加强技术研发。

关键词： 中国     生物质     固体成型     燃料     燃烧    

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生物质颗粒燃料生产线及其关键制造技术的研究与开发

朱典想

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第4期   页码 13-16

摘要：

生物质颗粒燃料（俗称木煤）作为生物质能源转化的一个重要领域，越来越受到人们的关注。本文对生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧特性、节能减排效果、制造工艺技术、关键生产设备进行了研究与开发，并在此基础上最终建成了规模化（年产2.0×105 t）、低成本的木煤生产线，对推动我国木煤产业的健康发展具有重要的示范意义。

关键词： 生物质颗粒燃料     燃烧特性     节能减排     生产线     生产工艺     关键设备    

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高功率便携式生物质燃烧驱动温差发电机的研发 Article

李国能, 应杰, 伊敏波, 郑友取, 汤元君, 郭文文

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第24卷 第5期   页码 192-201 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.015

摘要： 本文开发和测试了一种高功率便携式生物质燃烧驱动的温差发电机（biomass-combustion-powered thermoelectric generator, BCP-TEG），详细研究了其温差分布

关键词： 生物质     温差发电机     热电联供     总效率    

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A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Md Tanvir ALAM, Baiqian DAI, Xiaojiang WU, Andrew HOADLEY, Lian ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 46-67 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0807-8

摘要： Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation today. However, the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash generated. The formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called slagging. Slagging is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace, gasifier, or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate, and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon, causes mechanical failure, high-temperature corrosion and on occasions, superheater explosions. To improve the gasifier/combustor facility, it is very important to understand the key ash properties, slag characteristics, viscosity and critical viscosity temperature. This paper reviews the content, compositions, and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass, and discusses the formation mechanism, characteristics, and structure of slag. In particular, this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention recently. Besides, it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential applications. Moreover, it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels, and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag viscosity. This review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal, and especially biomass ashes, even if they are limited to a particular composition only. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of an index, or a model or even a measurement method, which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank coal and biomass ashes.

关键词： slag     viscosity     biomass     low-rank coal     combustion     gasification    

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Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels?What drivers will influence biomass allocation

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 473-481 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017168

摘要： Potential competition for biomass for current and future bioenergy/biofuel uses in Brazil, Denmark, Sweden and the USA were compared. In each of these countries, bioenergy and biofuels are already important in their energy mix. However, there is limited competition for biomass between bioenergy (heat/power/residential/industrial) and transportation biofuel applications. This situation is likely to continue until advanced biofuel technology becomes much more commercially established. In each of these countries, biomass is predominantly used to produce bioenergy, even in those regions where biofuels are significant component of their transportation sector (Brazil, Sweden and USA). The vast majority of biofuel production continues to be based on sugar, starch and oil rich feedstocks, while bioenergyis produced almost exclusively from forest biomass with agricultural biomass having a small, but increasing, secondary role. Current and proposed commercial scale biomass-to-ethanol facilities almost exclusively use agriculture derived residues (corn stover/wheat straw/sugarcane bagasse). Competition for biomass feedstocks for bioenergy/biofuel applications, is most likely to occur for agricultural biomass with coproduct lignin and other residues used to concomitantly produce heat and electricity on site at biofuel production facilities.

关键词： bioenergy     biofuel     biomass     renewable energy policy    

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NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 458-467 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023500

摘要：

● Gasification of cow dung was evaluated using Aspen Plus software.

关键词： Aspen Plus     biomass gasification     manure of livestock and poultry     simulation     syngas    

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

摘要： Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH3·H2O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

关键词： biomass     amino acids     chitin     nitrogen-containing compounds     lignocellulose    

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烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥特性影响

杨秋,顾菁,王亚琢,袁浩然,何明阳,孙富安

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第3期   页码 109-116 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.016

摘要：

厨余垃圾数量的不断增加对环境造成了严重影响，目前厨余垃圾堆肥化产生的厨余垃圾堆肥品质较差，并且易对土壤造成污染。本文探讨厨余垃圾堆肥在五个不同烘焙温度（250 ℃、300 ℃、350 ℃、400 ℃和450 ℃）、停留时间30 min 条件下获得固体产物的燃料品质和燃烧特性。结果表明，烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥样品燃料品质（元素分析、工业分析、热值、Cl含量、质量产率和能量产率）和燃烧特性有明显影响。随着烘焙温度的升高，烘焙固体产物的固定碳和C 含量、热值等提高；Cl 含量降低，可以有效抑制燃烧过程中二噁英前驱体的生成，减少二次污染。烘焙后的厨余垃圾堆肥的燃烧放热主要在固定碳燃烧阶段，总体燃烧放热量增加，燃烧特性改善。厨余垃圾堆肥的烘焙温度宜选择250~300 ℃。烘焙预处理对厨余垃圾堆肥燃料特性有明显的改善作用，可以实现厨余垃圾堆肥无害化、减量化和资源化利用。

关键词： 烘焙     厨余垃圾堆肥     生物质     燃料品质     燃烧特性    

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Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 13-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015050

摘要： Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleum-based fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass, including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.

关键词： lignocellulosic biomass     thermochemical     liquid fuels     upgrading     biofuels    

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Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 798-816 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2316-x

摘要： The utilization of sustainable resources provides a path to relieving the problem of dependence on fossil resources. In this context, biomass materials have become a feasible substitute for petroleum-based materials. The development of biomass materials is booming and advanced biomass materials with various functional properties are used in many fields including medicine, electrochemistry, and environmental science. In recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used in biomass pretreatments and processing owing to their “green” characteristics and adjustable physicochemical properties. Thus, the effects of ionic liquids in biomass materials generation require further study. This review summarizes the multiple roles of ionic liquids in promoting the synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials as solvents, structural components, and modifiers. Finally, a prospective approach is proposed for producing additional higher-quality possibilities between ionic liquids and advanced biomass materials.

关键词： biomass materials     functional materials     ionic liquids     synthesis     structure-property relationship    

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Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1131-1139 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2321-0

摘要： Riboflavin sodium phosphate has been confirmed as a promising biomass product derived from natural plants. In this paper, a novel method of dyeing and multifunctional modification of silk fabric by impregnation with riboflavin sodium phosphate was proposed, such that protein silk fabric can be endowed with bright yellow color and multi-functionality. The results of this paper confirmed that the pH and concentration of riboflavin sodium phosphate solution are critical factors for dyeing and multifunctional modification. Attractively, the photochromic performance was one of the most distinctive features of the modified silk fabric, and the dyed silk fabric turned into fluorescent green from original yellow under 365 nm ultraviolet lamp. Furthermore, the modified silk fabric exhibited good antibacterial properties with a high inhibition rate of 92% for Escherichia coli. Besides, the flame retardancy of silk fabric was significantly improved after modification. The damaged length of modified silk fabric with 40% owf riboflavin sodium phosphate was lower than 10.4 cm and passed the B1 classification. As revealed by the result of this paper, riboflavin sodium phosphate is sufficiently effective in serving as an eco-friendly multifunctional agent for strengthening the add-value of silk textiles.

关键词： biomass     riboflavin sodium phosphate     silk protein     multifunctional modification     flame retardant    

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Emulsification for castor biomass oil

Dongxiang ZHANG, Yuanping LIN, Anmei LI, V. V. TARASOV

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 96-101 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0553-2

摘要： The effect of the emulsifier formula on the stability of castor oil-water system was studied through compounding three groups of emulsifiers from the aspects of stability factor of absorbance, centrifuge stability, demulsification time in quiescence, appearance of the droplets, and viscosity. The best emulsifier formula for castor biomass oil was the composite formula of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate. Correlation exists between the stability of emulsion and the viscosity/particle size of the droplets, with better stability in the case of greater viscosity or narrower distribution of particle size in the emulsion of castor oil-water system. Methanol added to the castor oil-water system may decrease the viscosity of the emulsion. Comparing the castor oil-water emulsion with methanol-castor oil-water emulsion, the optimal hydrophilic and lipophilic balance (HLB) value based on castor oil-water system was acquired between 6.6 and 7.5, while the optimal HLB value based on the methanol-castor oil-water system was between 5.5 and 6.0. The optimal HLB value of methanol-castor oil-water system gradually moved to that of castor oil-water emulsion with adding more water.

关键词： castor oil     biomass oil     emulsification     stability     viscosity     corrosivity    

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Combustion characteristics and kinetics of bio-oil

Ruixia ZHANG, Zhaoping ZHONG, Yaji HUANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 119-124 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0068-x

摘要： The combustion characteristics of bio-oils derived from rice husk and corn were studied by thermogravimetry analysis. According to the thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves of bio-oils in air and nitrogen atmosphere, we analyzed the combustion characteristics of different kinds of bio-oils in different atmospheres and worked out the combustion kinetics parameters of the bio-oil, providing reliable base data for the burning of bio-oil. The thermogravimetry indicated that the combustion process of bio-oil was divided into three stages. At the same time, the combustion process can be described by different order reaction models, and with the method of Coats-Redfern, the activation energy and frequency factor of different kinds of bio-oils were obtained.

关键词： bio-oil     combustion characteristics     combustion kinetics    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Reaction mechanism of arsenic capture by a calcium-based sorbent during the combustion of arsenic-contaminatedbiomass: A pilot-scale experience

Mei Lei, Ziping Dong, Ying Jiang, Philip Longhurst, Xiaoming Wan, Guangdong Zhou

期刊论文

Compositional and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired

Yishu XU, Xiaowei LIU, Jiuxin QI, Tianpeng ZHANG, Minghou XU, Fangfang FEI, Dingqing LI

期刊论文

中国生物质固体成型燃料技术和产业

赵立欣,孟海波,姚宗路,田宜水

期刊论文

生物质颗粒燃料生产线及其关键制造技术的研究与开发

朱典想

期刊论文

高功率便携式生物质燃烧驱动温差发电机的研发

李国能, 应杰, 伊敏波, 郑友取, 汤元君, 郭文文

期刊论文

A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Md Tanvir ALAM, Baiqian DAI, Xiaojiang WU, Andrew HOADLEY, Lian ZHANG

期刊论文

Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels?What drivers will influence biomass allocation

Jinguang HU, William James CADHAM, Susan van DYK, Jack N. SADDLER

期刊论文

NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION USING COW DUNG AS FEEDSTOCK

期刊论文

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

期刊论文

烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥特性影响

杨秋,顾菁,王亚琢,袁浩然,何明阳,孙富安

期刊论文

Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Jianchun JIANG,Junming XU,Zhanqian SONG

期刊论文

Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials

期刊论文

Construction of sustainable, colored and multifunctional protein silk fabric using biomass riboflavin

期刊论文

Emulsification for castor biomass oil

Dongxiang ZHANG, Yuanping LIN, Anmei LI, V. V. TARASOV

期刊论文

Combustion characteristics and kinetics of bio-oil

Ruixia ZHANG, Zhaoping ZHONG, Yaji HUANG

期刊论文